Sains Malaysiana 53(2)(2024): 267-283

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-03

 

Virgin Coconut Oil and Palm Tocotrienol Supplementation: Effects on Lipid Parameters of Experimental Rats

(Suplementasi Minyak Kelapa Dara dan Tokotrienol Sawit: Kesan ke atas Parameter Lipid pada Tikus Kajian)

 

NORHAYATI-AIDA SULAIMAN1, AZMAN ABDULLAH1, ZAR CHI THENT2 & QODRIYAH HAJI MOHD SAAD1,*

 

1Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

2Albert Einstein College of Medicine (AECOM), Orthopaedic Surgery, New York, USA

 

Diserahkan: 18 Julai 2023/Diterima: 18 Januari 2024

 

Abstract

Virgin coconut oil (VCO) and palm tocotrienol (TT) possess cholesterol-regulating properties, but their combined effects remained unexplored. Thus, this study aims to determine their individual and combination effects on lipid parameters in ovariectomised (OVX) rats on hypercholesterolemic diet. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomised except for the sham group, assigned into (i) sham-operated fed with basal rat diet, (ii) OVX control, (iii) V1 (OVX + VCO 1.43 mL/kg), (iv) V2 (OVX + VCO 4.29 mL/kg), (v) TT (OVX + TT 30 mg/kg), (vi) V1+TT (OVX + VCO 1.43 mL/kg + TT 30 mg/kg) and (vii) V2+TT (OVX + VCO 4.29 mL/kg + TT 30 mg/kg). Groups (ii) to (vii) were fed with 2% cholesterol mixed with five-time heated palm oil. VCO and TT alone or in combination reduced food intake, visceral fat weight, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and HMG-CoA reductase activity significantly (p<0.05 vs the OVX control). HDL was reduced significantly in V1, V2, and V1+TT compared to the TT and V2+TT (p<0.05). The increase in LDL was the lowest in V1 compared to other groups (p<0.05). V2 and TT significantly reduced total cholesterol compared to other supplementations (p<0.05). All supplementations were found to reduce triglyceride compared to the OVX control group (p<0.05). The increase in apolipoprotein A was higher in V2+TT than other groups (p<0.05). The reduction in apolipoprotein B was higher in V1+TT and V2+TT than the V1, V2 and TT. VCO and TT exerted beneficial effects on lipid parameters, but the efficacy was not better than individual agents.

 

Keywords: Cholesterol diet; heated palm oil; lipid profile; tocotrienol; virgin coconut oil

 

Abstrak

Minyak kelapa dara (VCO) dan tokotrienol sawit (TT) mempunyai ciri kawal atur kolesterol tetapi kesan gabungannya belum pernah dikaji. Kajian ini adalah untuk menentukan kesan individu dan gabungannya ke atas parameter lipid pada tikus yang diovariektomi dan diberi diet tinggi kolesterol. Tikus Sprague-Dawley betina yang telah diovariektomi kecuali kumpulan sham, dibahagikan kepada (i) pembedahan sham yang diberi makan diet basal tikus, (ii) OVX kontrol, (iii) V1 (OVX + VCO 1.43 mL/kg), (iv) V2 (OVX + VCO 4.29 mL/kg), (v) TT (OVX + TT 30 mg/kg), (vi) V1+TT (OVX + VCO 1.43 mL/kg + TT 30 mg/kg), (vii) V2+TT (OVX + VCO 4.29 mL/kg + TT 30 mg/kg). Kumpulan (ii) hingga (vii) diberi makan  kolesterol 2% dicampur dengan minyak sawit yang dipanaskan lima kali. VCO dan TT secara individu atau gabungan menurunkan pengambilan makanan, berat lemak viseral, bahan reaktif asid thiobarbiturik dan aktiviti HMG-CoA reduktase secara signifikan (p<0.05 banding OVX kontrol). HDL turun secara signifikan dalam V1, V2, dan V1+TT berbanding TT dan V2+TT (p<0.05). Peningkatan LDL adalah paling kurang dalam V1 berbanding kumpulan lain (p<0.05). V2 dan TT menurunkan kolesterol total secara signifikan berbanding suplementasi yang lain (p<0.05). Semua suplementasi didapati menurunkan trigliserida berbanding kumpulan kawalan OVX (p<0.05). Peningkatan pada apolipoprotein A adalah lebih tinggi dalam V2+TT berbanding kumpulan lain (p<0.05). Pengurangan pada apolipoprotein B adalah lebih tinggi dalam V1+TT dan V2+TT berbanding V1, V2 dan TT. VCO dan TT menunjukkan kesan baik ke atas parameter lipid tetapi efikasinya bukan lebih baik daripada kesan individu.

 

Kata kunci: Diet kolesterol; minyak kelapa dara; minyak sawit dipanaskan; profil lipid; tokotrienol

 

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: qodryrz@ppukm.ukm.edu.my

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

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